
Rabbit: lifespan, size, diet and care
A pet-store cage isn’t enough: two rabbits need at least 3 by 2 meters (about 10 by 6.5 feet) to run and jump. Above 26 °C (79 °F) move them somewhere cool.
Take the quiz: is it right for you?
How big it is
An adult is up to 50 cm (20 in) long, head and body.
Zoomed ×2: here you see the man up to 95 cm (37 in) off the ground
Before it arrives
- An enclosure of at least 3 × 2 m (about 10 × 6.5 ft), 1 m (3.3 ft) high, for two rabbits: one connected space where they can run
- A companion: rabbits should live at least in pairs (often a male and a female, both neutered)
- A shelter they can always reach, and enough hiding places for everyone without fighting
- Plenty of good hay, sweet-smelling and dust-free, and fresh water at all times
- A litter box with recycled paper or hay, never clumping litter or wood shavings
- A dry spot at 10–20 °C (50–68 °F), away from drafts, radiators and direct sun
- A rabbit-savvy vet, for the first check-up and the vaccines
Its home: temperature and light
- The room
- 10–20 °C (50–68 °F)
What it eats and how often
hay and grass: about 85% of the diet
- Adults: every day
Every day, a pile of good hay as big as your rabbit, and hay always available (85% of what it eats); a large handful of washed leafy greens (10%); pellets only 25 grams, about an egg cup, per kg of body weight (5%).
Vaccines and checkups
Every year against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2), from 5 weeks of age: in Europe (Italy included) there is a single combined vaccine authorized across the EU. In the US, rabbits get the RHDV2 vaccine: two doses 3 weeks apart, then a booster every year.
A checkup at the vet every year. With a rabbit-savvy vet.
The care calendar
What to do, from the most frequent to the least.
- every dayHay, greens and pelletsFresh hay always available, a large handful of leafy greens and an egg cup of pellets (25 g) per kg of body weight. Fresh water at all times.
- every dayCheck under the tailThe fur and skin should be clean and dry. In summer, check twice a day: urine and droppings attract flies.
- every weekCheck its front teeth and nailsThey grow fast: the front teeth 2 to 3 mm a week. If they are crooked or too long, only a vet should trim them.
- every weekFull clean of the enclosureSpot-clean the litter box every day; once a week clean everything with hot, soapy water.
- every weekBrush its coatShort or medium coat once or twice a week, more often while it sheds; long coat every day.
- every 6 weeksTrim its nailsEvery 1 to 2 months, or when they're long.
- every yearVaccinesMyxomatosis and hemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2), every year.
- every yearYearly check-upWith a rabbit-savvy vet.
Call the vet right away if…
If you see one of these signs, call your vet now: don’t wait for it to pass.
- Has stopped eating or passing droppings for 12 hours or more
- Breathes through its mouth (rabbits normally breathe through the nose)
- Maggots or fly eggs in its fur, often around the tail
- Watery or jelly-like droppings, and it sits hunched
- Strains to pee, especially with spots of blood
Frequently asked questions
How long does a rabbit live?
Usually 7–10 years.
How big is a rabbit?
An adult is up to 50 cm (20 in) long, head and body.
How much does a rabbit weigh?
An adult usually weighs 900 g (2 lb) to 5 kg (11 lb).
What does a rabbit eat, and how often?
Hay and grass: about 85% of the diet. Every day, a pile of good hay as big as your rabbit, and hay always available (85% of what it eats); a large handful of washed leafy greens (10%); pellets only 25 grams, about an egg cup, per kg of body weight (5%). Adults: every day.
Does a rabbit need vaccines?
Every year against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2), from 5 weeks of age: in Europe (Italy included) there is a single combined vaccine authorized across the EU. In the US, rabbits get the RHDV2 vaccine: two doses 3 weeks apart, then a booster every year.
When should a rabbit see a vet right away?
Right away if you see one of these signs: has stopped eating or passing droppings for 12 hours or more; breathes through its mouth (rabbits normally breathe through the nose); maggots or fly eggs in its fur, often around the tail. The others are above, in “Call the vet right away if…”.
How old is a rabbit in human years?
There’s no serious human-years chart for a rabbit: the ones online don’t cite sources. What counts is where it is in its life: its senior years start at about 5.3 to 7.5 years old.
Tools for your rabbit
Always ask your vet: this site helps you understand, it doesn’t replace a checkup.
Sources
All 18 sources, pet by pet
- RSPCA, Rabbit environment (checked on September 30, 2026)
- PDSA, How long do pets live? (checked on September 30, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, Vaccines (checked on September 30, 2026)
- Merck Veterinary Manual, Description and Physical Characteristics of Rabbits (checked on October 13, 2026)
- RSPCA, Rabbit diet (checked on October 13, 2026)
- European Medicines Agency, Nobivac Myxo-RHD Plus (vaccine authorised in the EU) (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Merck Veterinary Manual, Routine Health Care of Rabbits (checked on October 13, 2026)
- RSPCA, Rabbit health (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, Flystrike in rabbits (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Merck Veterinary Manual, Providing a Home for a Rabbit (checked on October 13, 2026)
- PDSA, How often should you groom your pet? (checked on October 13, 2026)
- House Rabbit Society, How to care for a pet rabbit: a primer (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, Recognising emergencies (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, Keeping rabbits cool in hot weather (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, Space recommendations (checked on October 13, 2026)
- RSPCA, Rabbit company (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Animal Diversity Web, Oryctolagus cuniculus (checked on October 13, 2026)
- Rabbit Welfare Association, giant rabbits (checked on October 13, 2026)




